기역니은

함수형 인터페이스는 단 하나의 추상 메서드만 가지는 인터페이스입니다. '함수를 하나의 값처럼 다룰 수 있도록 정의된 인터페이스'라는 의미에서 붙여진 이름입니다. 이를 통해 Java에서도 함수형 프로그래밍의 개념을 지원할 수 있게 되었습니다.

함수형 인터페이스 + 람다식의 흐름

1. 함수형 인터페이스를 정의 → 인터페이스의 추상 메서드 정의
2. 람다식을 사용해 함수형 인터페이스의 추상 메서드를 구현
3. 함수형 인터페이스를 값처럼 전달하거나 사용할 수 있음

@FunctionalInterface
interface MyFunction {
    int calculate(int x, int y); // 단 하나의 추상 메서드
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFunction add = (x, y) -> x + y; // 람다식으로 구현
        MyFunction multiply = (x, y) -> x * y;

        System.out.println(add.calculate(2, 3));      // 출력: 5
        System.out.println(multiply.calculate(2, 3)); // 출력: 6
    }
}

Mr. Tom: Mary, we're looking to upgrade our project management software. Have you used any modern PM tools recently?

Ms. Mary: Yes, I've worked with a few in my previous roles. What's prompting this change for us?

Mr. Tom: We need better collaboration features for our increasingly distributed teams. What capabilities would you prioritize in a new PM tool?

* '분산된 팀'이라는 표현은 하나였던 팀이 여러 개로 쪼개졌다는 의미보다는, 팀 구성원들이 서로 다른 지역에서 원격으로 일하는 경우를 주로 뜻합니다. 예를 들어, 이전에는 한 장소에서 함께 일했던 팀이 지금은 각자 다른 도시나 국가에서 작업하는 식으로 분산되었을 가능성이 크죠. 이런 경우, 팀 간의 협업을 원활하게 하기 위해 실시간 협업 기능이 있는 도구가 필요하다는 맥락으로 보입니다.

Ms. Mary: I'd say real-time collaboration, robust reporting, and integration with our existing tools are crucial. Are we considering any specific vendors?

Mr. Tom: We've shortlisted a few, including Asana and Monday. Do you have experience with either of these?

Ms. Mary: I've used Asana before and found it user-friendly. How important is the ability to customize workflows in our selection?

Mr. Tom: It's a key factor. We need flexibility to adapt to different project methodologies. Speaking of which, how do you think this will impact our current project management practices?

* methodology: 방법론

Ms. Mary: It should streamline our processes significantly. We might need to standardize some of our practices across departments. Have we considered the training requirements?

* 부서 간에 일부 업무 방식을 표준화해야 할 수도 있겠네요.

Mr. Tom: That's an important point. How long do you think it would take for your team to become proficient with a new system?

Ms. Mary: With proper training, I'd say about two to three weeks for basic proficiency, and maybe two months to fully leverage all features. Are we planning a phased rollout?

Mr. Tom: Yes, we're considering starting with one department. Would you be interested in your team being the pilot group?

Ms. Mary: Absolutely. It would give us valuable insights and help us refine the implementation process. What about data migration from our current system?

* refine: 개선하다

Mr. Tom: That's a critical consideration. How much historical project data do you think we need to transfer?

Ms. Mary: I'd suggest migrating at least the last two years of projects for reference. We should also ensure we don't lose any critical project metrics. How are we handling change management?

Mr. Tom: We're developing a comprehensive plan. Could you help identify potential resistance points in your department?

Ms. Mary: Certainly. I'll survey the team to understand their concerns and expectations. Are we planning to integrate this with our time tracking system?

Mr. Tom: Yes, that's one of our requirements. Do you see any challenges in aligning our current time tracking practices with the new system?

Ms. Mary: There might be some initial hiccups, but long-term, it should improve our time management and resource allocation. What about mobile accessibility?

Mr. Tom: That's definitely on our list of must-haves. How important is mobile access for your team's workflow?

Ms. Mary: It's crucial, especially for team members who are often on-site or traveling. We need robust mobile capabilities. Have we considered the reporting features?

Mr. Tom: Yes, we're looking for advanced analytics and customizable dashboards. What specific reports would be most valuable for your department?

Ms. Mary: We need detailed resource allocation reports, project progress tracking, and budget vs. actual comparisons. Are we planning to integrate this with our financial systems?

Mr. Tom: That's a good point. We should explore that possibility. Can you help identify the key financial data points we'd need to pull into the PM system?

Ms. Mary: Absolutely. I'll work with the finance team to compile a list of essential financial metrics for project management. How often should we plan for system updates and maintenance?

Mr. Tom: The cloud-based solutions we're considering offer regular updates. We'll need to factor in some downtime for major upgrades. Any concerns about that?

* factor in: 고려하다

Ms. Mary: As long as we're given advance notice and it's not during critical project phases, we should be able to manage. Are we planning to offer ongoing support post-implementation?

Mr. Tom: Yes, we'll have both internal support and vendor support available. Your insights have been incredibly helpful, Mary. Let's schedule a follow-up meeting to dive deeper into these points.

Ms. Mary: Sounds great, Tom. I'm excited about this upgrade and the potential it has to enhance our project management capabilities.

https://school.programmers.co.kr/learn/courses/30/lessons/12947

문제 설명

양의 정수 x가 하샤드 수이려면 x의 자릿수의 합으로 x가 나누어져야 합니다. 예를 들어 18의 자릿수 합은 1+8=9이고, 18은 9로 나누어 떨어지므로 18은 하샤드 수입니다. 자연수 x를 입력받아 x가 하샤드 수인지 아닌지 검사하는 함수, solution을 완성해주세요.

제한 조건

x는 1 이상, 10000 이하인 정수입니다.

내 풀이

def solution(x):
    a = []
    for i in str(x) :
        a.append(int(i))
    return x % sum(a) == 0

다른 사람의 java 풀이

class Solution {
    public boolean solution(int x) {
        int sum = String.valueOf(x).chars().map(i -> i - '0').sum();
        return x % sum == 0;
    }
}

* String.chars() : 문자열의 각 문자를 유니코드 코드 포인트로 변환하여 IntStream을 반환

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "AbDEfg 123";
        str.chars().forEach(i -> System.out.print(i + ", "));
    }
}

65, 98, 68, 69, 102, 103, 32, 49, 50, 51,

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "AbDEfg 123";
        str.chars().forEach(i -> System.out.println((char)i));
    }
}

A
b
D
E
f
g
 
1
2
3

Mr. Tom: Mary, we're planning to upgrade our Learning Management System. Have you had any experience with modern LMS platforms?

Ms. Mary: Yes, I've used a few in my previous roles. What's driving this upgrade decision?

Mr. Tom: We need a more robust system to support our growing remote workforce and compliance training needs. What features would you prioritize in a new LMS?

* workforce: 근로자, 인력

Ms. Mary: I'd say mobile accessibility, interactive content capabilities, and strong analytics are crucial. Are we considering AI-powered learning paths?

Mr. Tom: That's an interesting idea. How do you think AI could enhance our training programs?

Ms. Mary: AI could personalize learning experiences based on individual progress and job roles. It could also help identify skill gaps. What's our budget for this project?

Mr. Tom: We have a significant budget allocated. Do you think it's worth investing in a top-tier system with all the bells and whistles?

* 부가 기능, 이 표현은 주로 과도하게 추가된 기능이나 장식이 실제로 유용하지 않거나 필수적이지 않은 경우에 사용됩니다.

Ms. Mary: It depends on our specific needs. We should focus on features we'll actually use rather than getting dazzled by fancy but unnecessary capabilities. What's our timeline for implementation?

Mr. Tom: We're aiming to have the new system up and running within six months. How do you think this will impact your department's training approach?

Ms. Mary: It should allow us to create more engaging, multimedia-rich content. We could also implement more frequent, bite-sized learning modules. Have we considered the content migration process?

* engaging: '흥미로운', '몰입감 있는', 또는 '참여를 유도하는'

Mr. Tom: That's a crucial point. How much of our existing training content do you think we can repurpose for the new system?

Ms. Mary: I'd estimate about 60% could be transferred directly, but we'll need to update and redesign the rest. Should we bring in instructional designers for this?

Mr. Tom: It's worth considering. What are your thoughts on user adoption? How can we ensure employees embrace the new system?

Ms. Mary: We should involve employees in the selection process and highlight the benefits of the new system. Gamification features could also boost engagement. Are we planning a phased rollout?

* 직원들을 선택 과정에 참여시키고 새로운 시스템의 이점을 강조해야 합니다.

Mr. Tom: Yes, we're thinking of starting with one department. Would you be interested in your team being the pilot group?

Ms. Mary: Absolutely. It would give us valuable insights and help us iron out any issues before company-wide implementation. What about integration with our HRIS?

* 문제를 해결하다, 불편한 점을 없애다, 주로 어려움이나 문제를 제거하고 매끄럽게 처리하다는 뜻으로 쓰입니다.

* 인적자원 관리 시스템

Mr. Tom: That's a key requirement. We need seamless data flow between systems. Can you help identify the specific integration points we need?

Ms. Mary: Certainly. I'll compile a list of essential data transfers, like completed training records and skill certifications. How are we handling change management for this project?

Mr. Tom: We're developing a comprehensive plan. Could you help draft communication messages for your team?

Ms. Mary: Of course. I'll focus on the benefits and address any potential concerns. Are we planning to offer training on using the new LMS?

Mr. Tom: Definitely. We'll have both in-person and online training options. How long do you think your team would need to get up to speed?

Ms. Mary: I'd estimate about two weeks for basic proficiency, but probably a month or two to fully leverage all features. Should we designate LMS champions in each department?

* proficiency: 숙련, 능숙

Mr. Tom: That's a great idea. It would help with ongoing support and encouragement. Can you identify potential champions in your team?

Ms. Mary: Absolutely. I have a few team members in mind who are enthusiastic about learning tech. How often should we schedule project review meetings?

Mr. Tom: Let's start with weekly meetings and adjust as needed. Your insights have been invaluable, Mary. I'm excited about this LMS upgrade.

Ms. Mary: Thank you, Tom. I believe this new LMS will significantly enhance our learning and development initiatives. I'm looking forward to the implementation.

Mr. Tom: Mary, we're exploring the potential of IoT for our business. Have you had any experience with IoT implementations?

Ms. Mary: I've been involved in a small-scale project before. What areas are we considering for IoT integration?

Mr. Tom: We're looking at supply chain optimization and predictive maintenance for our equipment. Do you see any immediate applications in your department?

Ms. Mary: Absolutely. We could use IoT sensors to monitor inventory levels in real-time. How are we addressing the security concerns associated with IoT?

Mr. Tom: That's a crucial point. We're looking at implementing a robust IoT security framework. What specific security measures do you think are essential?

Ms. Mary: We need strong encryption, regular security audits, and a system for quickly patching vulnerabilities. Have we considered the data storage implications?

* vulnerability: 취약점

* implication: 영향

Mr. Tom: We have. We're exploring both edge computing and cloud storage options. What are your thoughts on data processing - edge or cloud?

* 데이터를 중앙의 클라우드 서버가 아닌 데이터가 생성되는 현장(엣지, Edge)에서 직접 처리하는 방식입니다. 여기서 '엣지'는 네트워크의 가장 끝단, 즉 센서, IoT 기기, 사용자 기기 등 데이터를 생성하는 지점을 말합니다.

Ms. Mary: For real-time operations, edge computing would be ideal. But for in-depth analytics, we'd need cloud capabilities. Are we partnering with any specific IoT platform providers?

Mr. Tom: We're evaluating a few options, including AWS IoT and Microsoft Azure IoT. Do you have any experience with these platforms?

Ms. Mary: I'm more familiar with Azure, but both are reputable. What's our timeline for this IoT implementation?

Mr. Tom: We're looking at a phased approach over 18 months. How do you think this will impact your team's daily operations?

Ms. Mary: Initially, there might be a learning curve, but long-term, it should significantly improve our efficiency. Are we planning any specific training programs?

Mr. Tom: Yes, we'll be providing comprehensive training. What skills do you think are most crucial for your team to develop?

Ms. Mary: Data analysis skills will be key, as well as a basic understanding of IoT architecture and security protocols. How about integration with our existing systems?

Mr. Tom: That's a critical consideration. We'll need to ensure seamless integration. Can you provide a list of systems that will need to interface with our IoT solution?

Ms. Mary: Certainly. I'll compile that list, prioritizing our inventory management and ERP systems. What about scalability? How future-proof is this implementation?

* 미래에 대비할 수 있는 또는 미래에도 유효한 상태를 의미하는 표현입니다. 즉, 현재의 기술이나 시스템이 미래에 변화하는 요구 사항이나 발전에도 영향을 받지 않도록 설계된 상태를 말합니다.

Mr. Tom: We're designing it with scalability in mind. Do you foresee any significant expansion in IoT usage in your department over the next few years?

Ms. Mary: If this initial implementation is successful, I can see us expanding to more granular tracking and possibly IoT-enabled quality control. How are we handling change management for this project?

* granular: 세밀한, 상세한

Mr. Tom: We're developing a comprehensive change management plan. Could you help identify potential resistance points in your department?

Ms. Mary: Of course. I'll survey the team to understand their concerns and expectations. Are we planning any pilot projects before full implementation?

Mr. Tom: Yes, we're considering a small-scale pilot in one department. Would you be interested in your department being the test case?

Ms. Mary: Absolutely. It would give us valuable insights and help us prepare for the full rollout. How often will we have project review meetings?

Mr. Tom: I'm thinking bi-weekly during the pilot phase, then monthly during full implementation. Does that work for you?

Ms. Mary: That sounds perfect. I'm looking forward to seeing how IoT can transform our operations.

Mr. Tom: Excellent. Your enthusiasm and insights are greatly appreciated, Mary. Let's reconvene next week to start planning the pilot project.

Ms. Mary: Sounds great, Tom. This IoT initiative is exciting, and I'm eager to be at the forefront of its implementation.

Mr. Tom: Mary, we're looking to enhance our data analytics capabilities. Have you worked with any BI tools before?

* ~하려고 하다, 고려하다 계획하다

* 기업의 비즈니스 데이터를 분석하여 의사 결정에 도움을 주는 소프트웨어 도구입니다. BI 툴은 데이터를 수집, 저장, 처리, 분석하고 이를 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 시각적인 형태로 결과를 제공합니다.

Ms. Mary: Yes, I've had experience with a few. What specific goals do we have for implementing a BI solution?

Mr. Tom: We're aiming to improve our decision-making process with real-time data insights. What features do you think are crucial for our needs?

Ms. Mary: I'd prioritize interactive dashboards, predictive analytics, and easy integration with our existing data sources. Are we considering any specific vendors?

Mr. Tom: We've shortlisted a few, including Tableau and Power BI. Do you have any preferences based on your experience?

Ms. Mary: Both are excellent choices. Tableau is great for visualization, while Power BI integrates well with other Microsoft products. What's our timeline for implementation?

Mr. Tom: We're looking at a six-month rollout. How quickly do you think your team could start leveraging the new BI tools?

Ms. Mary: With proper training, we could start basic usage within a month, but mastering advanced features might take 3-4 months. Are we planning for phased training?

Mr. Tom: That's a good idea. We could start with key users and then expand. Speaking of which, who in your department would you nominate as power users?

Ms. Mary: I'd suggest our senior analysts, Jane and Mark. They're quick learners and could help train others. How about data governance? Have we considered that aspect? 

Mr. Tom: We have, but I'd appreciate your input. What measures do you think we should implement?

Ms. Mary: We need clear data access policies, regular data quality audits, and a system for metadata management. Security is also crucial, especially for sensitive data.

Mr. Tom: Excellent points. I'll make sure these are incorporated into our implementation plan. How do you see this BI solution affecting your current reporting processes?

Ms. Mary: It should streamline them significantly. We could potentially automate many of our routine reports. Do you think this might lead to any role changes in the analytics team?

Mr. Tom: It might. We should consider upskilling opportunities for team members to focus more on data interpretation rather than report generation. What's your view on that?

Ms. Mary: I think it's a great opportunity for professional development. We should communicate this positively to the team. Any thoughts on mobile BI capabilities?

Mr. Tom: We're definitely including mobile access in our requirements. How important is that feature for your team?

Ms. Mary: It's crucial, especially for our executives who need access to key metrics on the go. We should ensure the mobile interface is user-friendly and secure.

Mr. Tom: Noted. Lastly, how often do you think we should review and update our BI dashboards and reports?

Ms. Mary: I'd suggest monthly reviews initially, then quarterly once we've established a stable setup. We should also be flexible to accommodate urgent business needs.

Mr. Tom: That makes sense. Thank you, Mary. Your insights will be invaluable as we move forward with this BI implementation.

Ms. Mary: Happy to help, Tom. I'm excited about the potential this BI solution has to transform our decision-making processes.